The monuments examined within this project are predominantly constructed from stone materials such as marble and granite. Although various other materials are employed in the creation of monuments, marble remains particularly emblematic. Many of the surviving monuments of Greece and Rome are composed of marble. Especially regarding early American architecture, these symbols hold significant meaning. The whites and grays of iconic monuments of Aphrodite or Caesar evoke strong emotions. Ironically, it is now understood that the marble of Rome and Greece was often painted in multiple colors. The contemporary purpose of the pristine white marble is to emulate the enduring symbols of democracy and strength that individuals perceived a millennium after their creation.

Observers may have noticed that numerous artists and monuments originate from Carrara, Italy. Why is this the case? Carrara is situated in the Apuan Alps, where quarries have operated for centuries to extract white marble. Evidence indicates that Carrara marble played a vital role in the development of Italy during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, and its quarrying continued into the Neoclassical period, extending into the modern Western world. The renowned white marble also influenced the artists who crafted architectural works and sculptures. Italy's Fine Arts Academies showcase this heritage, attracting artists who frequently utilized Carrara marble from the start of their careers. For the United States, this distinguished Italian marble served as a symbol linking the emerging nation to the heritage of democracy. A significant portion of the imagery within the U.S. Capitol was constructed utilizing this stone, becoming emblematic of the governmental institutions. Many Italian sculptors leveraged their skills as a compelling factor that facilitated their emigration to the United States.